d]nldnfk
sf7df8f}F ;x/ dflg;sf] dfq jf;:yfg geP/ r/fr'?ËLx¿sf] klg
jf;:yfg xf] . oxfF 3/cufl8 /f]lkPsf ?v jf ;fj{hlgs hUufdf ePsf ?vdf u'F8 agfP/
w]/} hftsf r/fr'?ËLx¿ a:g] ub{5g\ .
s'/f @)^*
;fnlt/sf] xf] . ;a} r/fx¿ hDdf eP/ of] sf7df8f}F w]/} k|b"lift eof], ca
cln 6f9f uP/ hª\undf a:g'kb{5 eg]/ Pp6f af7f] h'/]nLn] k|:tfj /fVof] . cGo ;a}
r/fx¿nfO{ h'/]nLsf] s'/f dg k¥of] lsgeg] h'/]nLn] hª\undf :j:5 xfjf, kfgL,
r/fsf nflu k|z:t vfnL hUuf, ;kmf / cfgGbbfoL 7fpF x'G5 eg]/ aofg u/]kl5 cGo r/fx¿n]
o; Jo:t sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] w'nf], w'Fjf clg rf]/L l;sf/Lsf] 8/df a:g'eGbf
nlntk'/sf] n'e' hª\unsf] 5]pdf ;a} ldn]/ a:g] lg0f{o u/] . To;}cg';f/
;Dk"0f{ of]hgf tof/ kfl/of].
r/fx¿dWo]
w]/} r/f ;f]emf lyP . tL r/fx¿n] l;wf s'/f a'‰by] . h'/]nLn] hf] hf] hfg rfxG5,
ca t'?Gt} lgwf] lbg'kb{5 / To; 7fpFdf gofF hª\unsf] :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] x'Fbf
;a} hfg OR5'sn] gfd l6kfpg'kb{5 eGof] . w]/} r/fx¿n] gfd l6kfP cem} w]/}
l6kfpg] r/fdf 9's'/ lyP . h;n] rfF8f] l6kfpF5 p;n] 7'nf] / /fd|f] ?v kfpF5 .
Tof] klg /f]h]sf] kfpF5 eg]kl5ToxfF s;n] klxnf gfd l6kfpg]eGg] xfgyfk eof] .
oxL
a]nfdf af7f] h'/]nLn] df}sf 5f]Kof] clg s]xL ;t{ cufl8 ;f¥of] . gfd t l6kfof},ca
xfdLn] tof/ ug]{ ?vsf nflu la?jf vf]Hg'kb{5 . pGgt hftsf] la?jf /f]Kgsf nflu
hUuf lsGg'kb{5 . To;}n] ;a} r/fx¿n] rf/f] hDdf ug{'kb{5 . h'/]nLsf] o:tf];t{ ;'g]kl5
Pp6f 9's'/n] k|Zg u¥of] . Tof] 7fpFdf t tkfO{+n] eg]sf] eGbf sd rf/f] hDdf ubf{
klg /fd|f] af]6 aGg ;Sb5 To;}n] olt w]/} rf/f] lsg hDdf ug]{ < h'/]nLn]
hjfkm lbof], Tof] cToGt cfgGbbfoL 7fpFdf :jR5 xfjfkfgL clg /ftdf emndNn pHofnf]
aQLsf] klg Joj:yf 5, Tof] ;'Gb/ kxf8sf] sfv xf] lg t Û To;}n] s]xL a9L Joj:yf t
ldnfpg'k¥of] lg Û h'/]nLn] o;/L JofVof u/]kl5 km]l/ ;a} 9's'/x¿ ljZj:y eP /
;Sbf] rfF8f] rf/f] hDdf ug]{ tkm{ nfu] .
w]/}
9's'/x¿ sf7df8f}Fsf] of] uGhfuf]n 5f]8]/ ;kmf / k|z:t rf/f] kfOg] ljZjsf cGo
ljsl;t ;x/df rf/fx¿ vf]Hg uPsf lyP . kl5 a'9];sfndf cfˆg} k'/fgf] 7fpFdf :jR5,
;kmf / ;'ljwfo'St 7fpFdf cfgGb;Fu a:g kfOG5 / ;a};Fu ldn]/ Pp6} kl/jf/ h:tf]
eP/ a:g kfOG5 eg] rf/f] hDdf ug{ lsg kl5 kg]{ egL ;a} r/fn] rf/f] hDdf ug]{ / hª\un
a's ug]{ sfd u/] .
/ft laTb}
uP, cu|fv knfpFb} uP .cGo r/fx¿n] klg h'/]nLsf of]hgfx¿ yfxf kfP . rf/f] hDdf
ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 tLg sfu / Ps sf]OnL eP/ h'/]nLnfO{ kmsfpg yfn] . h'/]nL dfg]g
. p;n] eGof], cfkm"n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] hª\un d cfkm}F tof/ ub{5' . dnfO{ s;}sf]
;fy rflxFb}g, s]jn Odfgbf/ 9's'/sf] ;fy eP k'Ub5 lsgeg] o; ;x/sf sfux¿b]lv d
x}/fg 5' . t/ sfusf cufl8 h'/]nLsf] s]xL nfu]g . h'/]nLnfO{ sfun] km;fO{ 5f8]
clg ;Dk"0f{ hª\unsf] lhDdf tL rf/fx¿;lxt sfun] lng] df}lvs ;xdlt eof] .
h'/]nLn] h] ePklg ;xdlt lnlvt ug{'kb{5 eGbf sfux¿n] lrKnf] s'/f u/] . sfun]
eg], x]/, h'/]nL efO Û of] ;xdlt lnlvt ubf{ ltdL g} km:g] sfd x'G5 To;}n] of]
gu/f}F . sfux¿ lnlvt ;xdlt ug{ rfxFb}glyP lsgeg];xdlt ubf{ To;df n]lvPsf ;t{df
afFlwg'kg]{ afWotf pgLx¿nfO{ x'g] lyof] .
la:tf/} lbg laTb} uP . cfhef]ln eGbfeGb} w]/} ;do o;} v]/
uof] . slxn] oxfF hª\un agfpg], slxn] ToxfF agfpg], slxn] of] ldn]g, slxn] Tof]
ldn]g, ca of] lxpFbdf t slxn] Tof] lxpFbdf, clg slxn] b;}Fcufl8,slxn] b;}F
k5fl8eGb} rf/f] hDdf ug]{ tL 9's'/nfO{ sfux¿n] em'nfO/x] . s]xL ;dokl5 sfux¿n]
eGg yfn], of] 7fpF cToGt} ;'ljwfo'Qm 5 t/ of] hª\undf af; lngsf nflu w]/} rf/f]
vr{g'k5{ . o;f];Dd eGg EofP t/ 9's'/x¿ klg s] sd tL sfux¿;Fu d'sflanf ug{ tof/
ePkl5 ToxL rf/f]df sfux¿n] hª\un tof/ u/]/ lbg] 5f}F eg]/ df}lvs ¿kdf km]l/ eg]
. t/ cu'N6fn] xfg]sf] s's'/ lah'nL b]Vbf t;{G5 eg]h:t} 9's'/ sfusf] s'/fdf
ljZj:t x'g ;s]gg\ . sfux¿ w]/} af7f lyP .c? r/fx¿n] hDdf u/]sf rf/fx¿ lngsf
nflu ysf{P/, wDsfP/, kmsfP/ clg slxn] h'/]nL t slxn] sf]OnLsf] ;xof]u lnP/
cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng] uby]{ . lar/f 9's'/x¿ Ps x'g ;s]sf lyPgg\ .
Pslbg km];a'ssf] dfWodaf6 9's'/x¿ Ps eP5g\ clg Psn]
csf{nfO{ km];a'sdf hf]8\b} uP/ cfˆgf] dgdf nfu]sf s'/f ;+;f/el/ /fVb} hfFbf, h'/]nL
/ sfux¿ cfn;tfn; k/]sf /x]5g\ . tL sfux¿dWo] Pp6f sfu cln a9L rt'/] /x]5 p;n]
h'lSt lgsfn]5.ca xfdLn] dfq o;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}gf}F lsgeg] of] xfd|f]] sfa'aflx/
5 . xfdL cfkm}F af]S;L / cfkm}F wfdL ePsf 5f}F .;a} s'/f 9's'/x¿nfO{ yfxf eO;s]sf]
5 . To;}n] ca xfdLn] s]xL pkfo ckgfpg'kb{5 eg]/ Pp6f sfun] eg]5 . s]xL a]/df
csf]{ sfun] dnfO{ h'lSt cfof] eg]/ cfˆgf] h'lSt ;'gfpg yfn]5 . ca xfdLn]
sf]OnLnfO{ eGg'k5{, sf]OnL ltdLnfO{ km];a'sdf ;a}n] ufnL u/]sf 5g\ . ltdLn] pgLx¿sf]
rf/f] vfof} eg]sf 5g\ .o;f] eg]/ sf]OnLnfO{ elglbPdf sf]OnLn] 9's/nfO{ ufnL
ub{5 clg ;a} 9's'/ 8/fpg]5g\ . km];a's sf]OnLn] aGb u/fpg] 5 clg xfdLn] Tof]
hDdf x'g cfPsf] rf/f]nfO{ 9's'/sf] cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfn]/ cfˆgf] agfpg] 5f}F .
Tof] sfusf] af7f] s'/f ;a} sfu / ;f]emf] h'/]nLnfO{ dg k/]5 clg Pslbg 9's/;lxt
a}7s a:g] lg0f{o u/]5g\ .
Pp6f sfun] sf]OnL, h'/]nL / 9's'/nfO{ va/ u/]5 . sf]OnLnfO{
km];a'sdf ;a} ltd|f] a]Oht ePsf], rf/f] vfPsf] cf/f]k 5 eg]/ gePsf] s'/f
nufP5g\ / a}7sdf af]nfP5g\ .
a}7sdf 9's'/, h'/]nL, sf]OnL, s]xL sfu cfPsf lyP . a}7ssf]
:yfg x'g]jfnfhª\undf g} cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof], s'/f /fd|};Fu cufl8 al9/x]sf]
lyof] . ca s] s;/L cufl8 a9fpg]< s] s] sf/0fn] hª\un k"/f x'g ;s]g<
eg]/ Ps sfun] csf]{ sfunfO{ bf]if nufP/ sf]OnL clg cGo pkl:yt r/fx¿nfO{
;'gfpFb} lyof] . Tolts}df a]u;Fu p8]/ cGo rf/ sfux¿ cfP To;dWo] 9's'/n] lrg]sf]
sfu Pp6f dfq lyof] . Tof] lrg]sf] sfun] ;a}nfO{ gdg u¥of]. af7f] sfu ld7f] af]Ng]
x'gfn] ;a}sf] Wofg lvRof] . 56\6' sfusf] la|lkmË Tolts}df /f]lsof] clg 9f8]
sfun] 9's'/nfO{ k|Zg u¥of]{ lsg km];a'sdf ;a}nfO{ hf]8]sf] < lsg ldl8ofafhL
u/]sf] <s] kmfObf 5 eg]/ Psf]xf]/f] k|Zg ul//x]sf] lyof] . lar/f 9f8]
sfunfO{ s] yfxf ;fd"lxs 5nkmnsf] kmfObf <sf]OnL klg e|ddf lyof] clg
sf]OnLn] klg km];a's aGb ug'{kb{5 eGof] To;sf] hjfkmdf 9's'/n] gd| :j/df eGof] olb
km];a's aGb u/fpg] eP Dofs h'unnfO{ eg lsgeg] of] u|'k xfdL ;a} 9's'/sf] u|'k
xf] / To;df xfd|f s'/f ;'gfpg, a'emfpg / xfd|f] ;'Gb/ jf;:yfg agfpg tof/
ul/Psf] x'Fbf slxNo} of] aGb x'g] 5}g eg]/ 9's'/n] cfˆgf] ts{ /fv] .
o;kl5 csf]{ 9f8] sfu;Fu cfPsf] gofF rfD;] sfunfO{ vlk;Sg'ePg5
clg Tof] sfu a'?Ss plk|mP/ of] km];a's lsg vf]n]sf] <lsg o;df hyfefjL
n]v]sf] <eg]/ s/fpFb} lyof] . 9's'/n] eGof],:j/ g ;'l4 nf6f]sf] a'l4 s] ltdLnfO{
yfxf 5, of] km];a'sdf sf] sf] hf]l8Psf 5g\ < ltdLn] s]an 9f8]sfusf] ;fyL eP/
p;}sf s'/f ;'g]sf dfq 5f} a? ltd|f sfu ;fyLx¿;Fu km];a's vf]Ng nufP/ k9 clg ts{
u/ . o;f] eGbf Tof] rfD;] sfu 5fFufaf6 v;]h:tf] eof] .;a} sfunfO{ nfUof] ca of]
9's'/;Fu 5nkmn ug{ ;lsFb}g . clg sfun] eGof], o;hª\unsf] lhDdf ltdL 9's'/x¿n]
n]cf] .o;f] eGbf 9's'/n] ;xh} eGof], x'G5, xfdL a:g] hª\un xfdL ;a}n] ldn]/ agfpg]
xf] . ;a} lx;fa lstfa b]vfP/ ;a}nfO{ af]nfP/ lnlvtd u/]/ vr{ ug]{ clg kfbbzL{
u/fP/ sfd ug]{ xf] .o;/L 9's'/n] lhDdf lng] s'/f agfPkl5 sfux¿ cfltP .clg eGg
yfn], of] hª\un aGgaf6 /f]Sg cGo JojwfgcfpF5g\ c¿ sDkm", s/fFt], h'8f] /
aGb's rnfpg] sfux¿n] o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;S5g\ . To;}n] o;df xfd|f] ;xdlt 5}g eGb}
ToxfFaf6 a}7s 5f]8L p8]/ uP .
h'/]nL, sf]OnL, 9's'/ / do"/ k|:tfjljxLg a}7ssf] ;dLIff
ub}{ cln k/;Dd ;Fu} cfP . sf]OnLn] olb d}n] rf/f] vfPsf] eP d h] klg ug{ ;S5'
eGb} labf eP/ uP . h'/]nL / do"/nfO{ 9's'/n] eGof], s] xf] lagfk|:tfjsf]
s]sf] a}7s lsg af]nfPsf]<o;/L 9's'/ s8\lsFbf h'/]nL cgsgfof] / eGof] o; hª\undf
;a}sf u'0fx¿ Ps}gf;sf agfpg] eg]/ 5nkmn ug{ xf] . clg 9's'/n] km]l/ yKof], of]
lg0f{o s] sfun] ug{ ;S5g\, h;n] o; hª\unsf] lgdf{0f ug{ 7]Ssf lnPsf 5g\ .
cfˆgf] rf/f] s6fP/ hDdf u/]sf] rf/f] lbg] 9's'/x¿af6 dfq of] ;Dej 5 . o;f] eGbf
do"/ cSs g dSs k¥of]. h'/]nLn] Tof] t xf] eGof] .o;kl5 ;a} 5'l§P . 5'l§g]
a]nfdf 56\6' sfu cfP/ of] Tof] eGb} s'/f ldnfpFb} lyof] . 9's'/n] lsg k|:tfjlagfsf]
a}7s af]nfPsf] eg]/ 56\6' sfunfO{ xKsfPkl5 r]D;] sfu grflxg] af7f] eof] .
o;nfO{ dfkmL dufpg'k5{ eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]/ do"/, h'/]nL, 9's'/ / 5'6\6'
sfu 5'l§P/ cf–cfˆgf] af6f] nfu] .
s]xL lbgkl5 h'/]nL / 9's'/ ldn]/ sf]OnL sxfF k'u] . sf]OnL
;zª\lst eof] t/ 9's'/n] tkfO{+ cflQg' kb}{g lsgls ltdLnfO{ 9's'/n] bf]if nufPsf
5}gg\ . To;}n] ca rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] of] hª\un s;/L tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 / ;+;f/el/
5l/Psf 9's'/sf] lrQ s;/L a'emfpg ;lsG5 lsgeg] pgLx¿hª\undf a:g xtfl/;s]sf 5g\ .
To;}n] ca xfdLn] Tof] hª\undf ;'ljwf ;DkGg a;fO u/fpg, eo/lxt a;fO u/fpg, Pslqt
a;fO u/fpg s] ug'{knf{ eg]/ 9's'/n] s'/f /fVof] . sf]OnLn] eGof], ca xfdLn] sfux¿n]
ug]{ sfdsf] r]s ug{ / sfd l56f] u/fpg t'?Gt 9's'/x¿, sf]OnL, do"/ /
h'/]nLsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtfdf Pp6f ;ldlt agfP/ ;a} r]s PG8 Aofn]G; ug]{ / rfF8f]eGbf
rfF8f] of] sfd ;DkGg ug]{ ;Nnfx u/] .
ca eg] ;f]xL ;Nnfxcg';f/ sfd x'g yfNof] . o;kl5 c;fWo}
/fd|f] gd'gf hª\un tof/ eof] . ;a}hgf ldn]/ 5nkmn u/] . ;of}F 9's'/, sf]OnL,
do"/, h'/]nL / sfux¿ ;a}sf] hª\un ;+/If0f ;ldlt agfP/ Psn] csf]{nfO{
;xof]u u/]/ ;a}hgf ldnL klxnf ePsf ;a} sdL sdhf]/L lal;{P/ cufl8 a9] . cfh
;+;f/df g} Pp6f :ju{h:tf] gd'gf hª\un agfP/ ;a} r/fx¿ a;]sf 5g\ .
n]vs →v8s axfb'/ a:g]t
n]vs →v8s axfb'/ a:g]t